Can M1 be less than M2?

No! Dilution can only decrease concentration. To increase concentration, evaporation or addition of dry solute is required.

What units can be used for V1 and V2?

Any volume unit (mL, L, μL) as long as both V1 and V2 share the identical unit scale.

Molarity (M) is the concentration of a solution expressed as moles of solute per liter of total solution (mol/L).

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General & Scientific Calculators● INSTANT WASM ENGINE

Chemistry Solution Dilution (M1V1 = M2V2) Calculator

Accurately prepare chemical laboratory solutions with the universal dilution equation ($M_1V_1 = M_2V_2$), determining required stock volume and solvent additions.

Input Parameters

Initial Stock Concentration (M1)

M (mol/L)

Desired Final Concentration (M2)

M (mol/L)

Desired Final Total Volume (V2)

Required Stock Solution (V1) Instant

50.00 mL

Add 450.00 mL of solvent to reach 500 mL total

Proportional Breakdown100% Total

Stock Solution (V1):50.0 mL

Solvent (Diluent):450.0 mL

Analytical Summary

Stock Aliquot (V1)50.00 mL

Solvent to Add (H₂O)450.00 mL

Total Solution Volume (V2)500 mL

Dilution Factor10.0x

Mathematical Formula & Methodology

Underlying equations and mathematical logic governing this engine

Step 01

Conservation of Solute Mass

M₁ * V₁ = M₂ * V₂

The absolute moles of solute remain constant throughout the dilution.

Step 02

Solve for Stock Aliquot (V1)

V₁ = (M₂ * V₂) / M₁

Volume of concentrated stock solution required.

Step 03

Required Solvent Addition

V_solvent = V₂ - V₁

Volume of distilled water or buffer to add to stock aliquot.

How to Use This Calculator

Specify Stock Molarity (M1)

Enter starting bottle concentration from chemical supplier label.

Enter Target Working Strength (M2)

Target must be less than stock concentration.

Add Solvent to Mark

Pipette stock volume V1 into volumetric flask and bring to line with solvent.